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Science & Technology | Science & technology
Copper wire competitive with fiber optic cable: ResearchersHimtimes-ANI News Washington, Dec. 7: Penn State
engineers have developed and simulation tested a copper wire transmission
scheme for distributing a broadband signal over local area networks (LANS)
with a lower average bit error rate than fiber optic cable that is 10 times
more expensive. "Our approach can improve the
capability of existing local area networks and shows that copper is a
competitor for new installations in the niche LAN market," says Dr.
Mohsen Kavehrad, the W. L. Weiss professor of electrical engineering and
director of the Center for Information and Communications Technology
Research. The Penn State approach responds to
the IEEE challenge to specify a signaling scheme for a next generation
broadband copper Ethernet network capable of carrying broadband signals of 10
gigabits per second. "In the existing copper gigabit
systems, each pair of wires carries 250 megabits per second. For a 10 gigabit
system, each pair will have to carry 2.5 gigabits per sec," Kavehrad
explains. "At these higher speeds, some energy penetrates into the other
wires and produces crosstalk." The Penn State scheme eliminates
crosstalk by using a new error correction method they developed that jointly
codes and decodes the signal and, in decoding, corrects the errors. The Penn State approach also takes
account of the reduction or loss of signal energy between one end of the
cable and the other that can become severe in 100 meter copper systems. A MATLAB simulation has shown that
the scheme is possible and can achieve an average bit error rate of 10 to the
minus 12 bits per second. Fiber optic cable typically achieves 10 to the
minus nine. The work is continuing. BBC "soap opera" of his scientific work irks Stephen Hawking!Himtimes-ANI News London, Dec.06 : Famed scientist
Stephen Hawking is furious with the BBC network for turning a planned drama
about his life into a "soap opera". The 61-year-old author of A Brief
History of Time, who suffers from motor neurone disease, is unhappy at the
script's portrayal of his illness and his private life, says a report in rate
the music.com. Hawking says, "It was a soap
opera which bore little relation to my scientific work. I asked them to come
back with another." The BBC confirms, "Stephen has
asked for the first script to be reworked." Microwaves won't disturb you anymore!Himtimes-ANI News Washington, Dec. 4: A simple
discovery by University of Michigan College of Engineering scientists, has
enabled them to significantly reduce interference from microwave ovens in
other electronic appliances placed near them. Worldwide, there are hundreds of
millions of microwave ovens in kitchens, offices and laboratories, each with
a magnetron that creates communications problems ranging from an aggravating
crackle during a friendly telephone call, to the disruption of 911 calls and
the flow of data in wireless computer networks. Although these effects are difficult
to quantify, it's safe to say they're an annoyance, an economic drain and
potentially life- threatening. The basic difficulty is that
microwave ovens operate at a frequency near 2.45 GHz - about the same
frequency at which telephones and wireless computers operate. In the
microwave oven there are two magnets, one at each end of the magnetron. The research team, lead by Prof.
Ronald Gilgenbach found that when they added four permanent magnets to the
outside of one of the standard magnets, they could disrupt the magnetic field
in such a way that it becomes benign to nearby electrical devices, yet
doesn't significantly affect the performance of the microwave oven. The discovery could also have an
enormous impact on the signal- to-noise ratio in radar and in the development
of a power source for inexpensive deep-space exploration, and advanced
electroporation for highly improved cancer treatment. Nature triumphs over nurture, when it comes to behavior: StudyHimtimes-ANI News Washington, Dec.4 : Using monkeys,
researchers at the University of Chicago have been able to demonstrate the
importance of nature over nurture in behavior, when these animals are taken
away from their biological mothers at birth. Young monkeys reared by a mother
other than their own are more likely to exhibit the aggressive or friendly
behavior of their birth mothers rather than the behavior of their foster
mothers. The discovery of inheritability of
social behavior traits among non-human primates has important implications
for people as it reinforces other research that suggests that such
characteristics as sociability and impulsive aggressiveness among humans may
have a genetic basis, said Dario Maestripieri, Associate Professor in Human
Development at the University. Rhesus macaques provide an important
research population because they organize in strong matrilineal structures,
and the female offspring often exhibit the same social behavior as their
mothers. The experiment was intended to show if some aspects of that behavior
were inherited or learned by the female offspring. For the study, Maestripieri and his
colleagues swapped rhesus monkey female babies between mothers who had
recently given birth. To understand the origins of
behavior, the team looked at the expression of social contact and aggression
among the offspring and their biological and foster mothers. When Maestripieri looked at the
behavior of the monkey offspring and their mothers over the span of three
years, he found that while the offspring's behavior mirrored the behavior of
their biological mothers, there was practically no similarity between the
offspring and their foster mothers. Primate expert Joan Silk, Professor
of Anthropology at the University of California, Los Angeles, said,
"This study adds to a growing body of evidence that temperament and
behavioral predispositions vary among individuals and that temperamental
differences are stable over the life course. However, it is usually difficult
to determine whether such differences are the results of inherited
dispositions and/or the effects of environment and experience. "Using an innovative design to
disentangle the effects of 'nature' and 'nurture,' Maestripieri demonstrates
that heredity has a surprisingly important impact on the behavioral
dispositions of infant macaques. These findings have important implications
for understanding how evolution shapes behavior and temperament in primates
and humans," she added. Defect-free hybrids to herald super-electronics eraHimtimes-ANI News Washington, Dec. 3: Ohio State
University engineers have overcome a major barrier in the manufacture of high
quality light emitting devices and solar cell materials. Steven Ringel, professor of
electrical engineering, and his colleagues have created special hybrid
materials that are virtually defect-free, an important first step for making
ultra- efficient electronics in the future. The findings show that the same
technology could also lead to faster, less expensive computer chips. Ringel directs Ohio State's
Electronic Materials and Devices Laboratory, where he and his staff grow thin
films of "III-V" semiconductors materials made from elements such
as gallium and arsenic, which reside in groups III and V of the chemical
periodic table. Because III-V materials absorb and
emit light much more efficiently than silicon, these materials could bridge
the gap between traditional silicon computer chips and light-related
technologies, such as lasers, displays, and fiber optics. Researchers have tried for years to
combine III-V materials with silicon, but only with limited success. Now that
Ringel has succeeded in producing the combination with record quality, he has
set his sights on a larger goal. "Ultimately, we'd like to
develop materials that will let us integrate many different technologies on a
single platform," Ringel said. |
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